Here we derive contiguity relations for the Gauss hypergeometric function. This function is known to Maple as:
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| (3.1) |
It is
for
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When considering the summand, we introduce the following algebra:
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The bivariate sequence
vanishes at both of the following operators:
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| (3.2) |
(General algorithms exist to find such operators.)
From the previous first-order recurrences, we derive relations on
in the mixed differential difference algebra.
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The equations are obtained by multiplication of the recurrences by
, followed by summation over all non-negative
. Formally, this corresponds to changing
into
and
into
.
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| (3.3) |
Therefore, we set
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| (3.4) |
The linear differential operator
is called a step-up operator. It relates the forward shift of
to derivatives of
by the following equation.
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| (3.5) |
The elimination of
between this step-up operator and the differential equation yields a contiguity relation for
--a purely recurrence equation. It is obtained by the extended skew gcd algorithm:
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| (3.6) |
In other words, the Gauss hypergeometric function satisfies the following equation:
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![(-c+1+a)*hypergeom([a, b], [c], z)-(z-1)*(a+1)*hypergeom([a+2, b], [c], z)+(z-2*a-z*b-2+z*a+c)*hypergeom([a+1, b], [c], z) = 0](/support/helpjp/helpview.aspx?si=8542/file03866/math469.png)
| (3.7) |
More interestingly, the extended Euclidean algorithm yields a step-down operator for
- a relation between an inverse shift of
and its derivatives. This is obtained by computing an inverse of
modulo
.
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![[-c*a+a+a^2, z, 1-(-z^2+z)*Dz-c+z*b+a, -z*Dz-a-1, -z^2*Dz^2+z*Dz^2-Dz*z*a-Dz*z*b-2*z*Dz-b-a*b+Dz*c]](/support/helpjp/helpview.aspx?si=8542/file03866/math488.png)
| (3.8) |
From this result, we have
and
. In particular,
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| (3.9) |
is the step-down operator:
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![hypergeom([a-1, b], [c], z) = z*(1-z)*(diff(hypergeom([a, b], [c], z), z))/(a-c)+(c-a-z*b)*hypergeom([a, b], [bc], z)/(c-a)](/support/helpjp/helpview.aspx?si=8542/file03866/math511.png)
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![hypergeom([b, a-1], [c], z) = z*(-z+1)*a*b*hypergeom([b+1, a+1], [c+1], z)/(c*(a-c))+(c-a-z*b)*hypergeom([a, b], [bc], z)/(c-a)](/support/helpjp/helpview.aspx?si=8542/file03866/math514.png)
| (3.10) |
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