FormInnerProduct - Maple Help
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Tensor[FormInnerProduct] - compute the inner product of two forms with respect to a given metric tensor

Calling Sequences

     FormInnerProduct(g, α, β,keyword)

     FormInnerProduct(g, g1, α1, β1, keyword)

Parameters

   g         - a covariant metric tensor on a manifold or on a Lie algebra with frame name, e.g., M

   α, β        - two forms (of the same degree) on M, or lists of such

   α1, β1     - two forms (of the same degree) on M, or lists of such, where M is a Lie algebra with coefficients in a representation space V

   g1                - a covariant metric tensor on the representation space V

      keyword    - the keyword argument inversemetric = h, where h is the inverse of the metric g.

 

Description

Examples

Description

• 

 Let  g = gij dxi dxj and let h = hij∂∂xi∂∂xj be the inverse metric. If α= ai dxi and β= bj dxj are 1-forms, then their inner product is α, β = hijai bj. For monomial p-forms  α1∧α2 ∧ ... ∧ αp and β1∧β2 ∧ ... ∧ βp , the inner product is given by

 α1∧α2 ∧ ... ∧ αp , β1∧β2 ∧ ... ∧ βp = detαr βs.

This formula is extended by bi-linearity to give the general formula for the inner product of a pair of p−forms.

• 

In the special case of forms defined on a Lie algebra with coefficients x and y in a representation, the inner product formula for monomials becomes

x α1∧α2 ∧ ... ∧ αp , y β1∧β2 ∧ ... ∧ βp=  gVx,y det αr βs

where x, y ϵ V and gV is the inner product on V. 

Examples

> 

with⁡DifferentialGeometry:with⁡Tensor:with⁡LieAlgebras:

 

First define a manifold M with local coordinates x,y,z and define a metric on M.

> 

DGsetup⁡x,y,z,M:

M > 

g≔evalDG⁡a⁢dx&tdx+b⁢dy&tdy+c⁢dz&tdz

g:=a⁢dx⁢dx+b⁢dy⁢dy+c⁢dz⁢dz

(2.1)

 

Example 1.

Compute the inner product of two 1-forms

M > 

α1≔evalDG⁡a1⁢dx+a2⁢dy+a3⁢dz

α1:=a1⁢dx+a2⁢dy+a3⁢dz

(2.2)
M > 

β1≔evalDG⁡b1⁢dx+b2⁢dy+b3⁢dz

β1:=b1⁢dx+b2⁢dy+b3⁢dz

(2.3)
M > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g,α1,β1

a1⁢b1a+a2⁢b2b+a3⁢b3c

(2.4)

 

Example 2.

Compute the inner products of a list of monomial 2-forms.

M > 

g2≔evalDG⁡a⁢dx&tdx+b⁢dy&tdy+c⁢dz&tdz

g2:=a⁢dx⁢dx+b⁢dy⁢dy+c⁢dz⁢dz

(2.5)
M > 

Ω≔evalDG⁡dx&wdy,dx&wdz,dy&wdz

Ω:=dx⁢⋀⁢dy,dx⁢⋀⁢dz,dy⁢⋀⁢dz

(2.6)
M > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g2,Ω,Ω

 

Compute the inner product of a pair of 2-forms.

M > 

α2≔evalDG⁡2⁢dx&wdy+dy&wdz

α2:=2⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dy+dy⁢⋀⁢dz

(2.7)
M > 

β2≔evalDG⁡3⁢dx&wdz+4⁢dy&wdz

β2:=3⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dz+4⁢dy⁢⋀⁢dz

(2.8)
M > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g2,α2,α2

4a⁢b+1b⁢c

(2.9)

 

Example 3.

In this example we compute the inner products of forms defined on a Lie algebra with coefficients in a representation.

M > 

LD≔SimpleLieAlgebraData⁡so(4),so4

LD:=e1,e2=e4,e1,e3=e5,e1,e4=−e2,e1,e5=−e3,e2,e3=e6,e2,e4=e1,e2,e6=−e3,e3,e5=e1,e3,e6=e2,e4,e5=e6,e4,e6=−e5,e5,e6=e4

(2.10)
M > 

DGsetup⁡LD

Lie algebra: so4

(2.11)
so4 > 

DGsetup⁡x1,x2,x3,x4,V

frame name: V

(2.12)
so4 > 

ρ≔StandardRepresentation⁡so4,representationspace=V

ρ:=e1,0−100100000000000,e2,00−10000010000000,e3,000−1000000001000,e4,000000−1001000000,e5,0000000−100000100,e6,00000000000−10010

(2.13)
V > 

DGsetup⁡ρ,so4V,O,o

Lie algebra with coefficients: so4V

(2.14)
so4V > 

g≔KillingForm⁡so4V

g:=−4⁢o1⁢o1−4⁢o2⁢o2−4⁢o3⁢o3−4⁢o4⁢o4−4⁢o5⁢o5−4⁢o6⁢o6

(2.15)
so4V > 

h≔InverseMetric⁡g

h:=−14⁢O1⁢O1−14⁢O2⁢O2−14⁢O3⁢O3−14⁢O4⁢O4−14⁢O5⁢O5−14⁢O6⁢O6

(2.16)
so4V > 

gV≔evalDG⁡dx1&tdx1+dx2&tdx2+dx3&tdx3+dx4&tdx4

gV:=dx1⁢dx1+dx2⁢dx2+dx3⁢dx3+dx4⁢dx4

(2.17)

 

Compute the inner product of a pair of zero forms.

V > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g,gV,a⁢x1+b⁢x2,c⁢x1+d⁢x2

a⁢c+b⁢d

(2.18)

 

Compute the inner product of a pair of 1-forms.

V > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g,gV,x1⁢o1,x1⁢o3

0

(2.19)
so4V > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g,gV,x2⁢o1,x1⁢o1

0

(2.20)
so4V > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g,gV,x2⁢o2,x2⁢o2

−14

(2.21)
V > 

FormInnerProduct⁡g,gV,x2⁢o1&wo2,x2⁢o1&wo2

116

(2.22)

 

Compute the length of a 2-form.

V > 

α3≔evalDG⁡a⁢x2⁢o1&wo2+b⁢x4⁢o1&wo3+c⁢x⁢o2&wo5

α3:=a⁢x2⁢o1⁢⋀⁢o2+b⁢x4⁢o1⁢⋀⁢o3+c⁢x⁢o2⁢⋀⁢o5

(2.23)
so4V > 

sqrt⁡FormInnerProduct⁡g,gV,α3,α3

14⁢a2+b2

(2.24)

See Also

DifferentialGeometry

Tensor

ContractIndices

InverseMetric

RaiseLowerIndices

SpinorInnerProduct

TensorInnerProduct