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convert/temperature

convert absolute temperatures between temperature scales

 Calling Sequence convert(u, temperature, tempFrom, tempTo) convert(u*tempUnit, temperature, tempTo) convert(tempObject, temperature, tempTo)

Parameters

 u - algebraic expression; value to convert tempFrom - symbol, temperature unit, or temperature object; temperature scale to convert from tempTo - symbol, temperature unit, or temperature object; temperature scale to convert to tempUnit - temperature unit to convert from tempObject - temperature object to convert from

Description

 • The convert(u, temperature, tempFrom, tempTo) function converts a value u from the tempFrom temperature scale to the TempTo temperature scale.
 • The temperature scales tempFrom and tempTo can be any unit label, for example, name or symbol, accepted by the Units package as one of kelvin, degrees Celsius, degrees Rankine, degrees Fahrenheit, degrees centigrade, or degrees Reaumur. Equivalently, you can use the actual unit function, Unit(degC) or Unit(Fahrenheit), for example. Finally, you can use an absolute temperature object, such as Temperature(1, Celsius) or Temperature(5, Unit(degF)); if you do this, the value is discarded - only the scale is used.
 • The convert(u*tempUnit), temperature, tempTo) function is similar to the first calling sequence. In this case, tempUnit is a temperature unit function, such as Unit(degC).
 • The convert(tempObject, temperature, tempTo) function is also similar to the first calling sequence. In this case, tempObject is an absolute temperature object, such as Temperature(5, degC).
 • Expressions with a unit are represented in Maple as a product of the expression with a function call, which can be obtained by calling the procedure $\mathrm{Unit}$. This means that Maple cannot represent the expression $0$ with a unit: it would be represented as, for example, $0·ⅆⅇgC$, or internally, $0·\mathrm{Unit}\left(\mathrm{degC}\right)$, but $0$ multiplied by any function call immediately simplifies to $0$. This particularly comes up with temperatures sometimes, when dealing with empirical temperatures rather than with temperature differences. This can be a reason to use Temperature objects instead of regular unit expressions.

Temperature Scales

 • Each temperature scale is set by fixing the values of two points.  Historically, the freezing and boiling points of water have been chosen as these points. In 1954, temperature scales were redefined in terms of absolute zero and the temperature of the triple point of water (the temperature and pressure at which water exists in all three states-solid, liquid and gas) because the measurements are much more precise than those of the transition temperatures of water.
 • All defined values are exact. However, for presentation they have been written as floating-point numbers. All temperatures that refer to the freezing and boiling points of water assume a standard pressure of 101.325 kilopascals.
 Kelvin
 In this system, named after William Thomson Kelvin (1824-1907), absolute zero is defined as 0 kelvin, and the temperature of the triple point of water is defined as 273.16 kelvin. Consequently, the freezing and boiling points of water are approximately 273.15 and 373.125 kelvin, respectively.
 Celsius
 In this system, named after Anders Celsius (1701-1744), absolute zero is defined as -273.15 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the triple point of water is defined as 0.01 degrees Celsius. Consequently, the freezing and boiling points of water are approximately 0. and 99.975 degrees Celsius, respectively.
 By definition, a temperature of n degrees Celsius is equal to n + 273.15 kelvin.
 Rankine
 In this system, named after William John Macquorn Rankine (1820-1872), absolute zero is defined as 0 degrees Rankine, and the temperature of the triple point of water is defined as 491.688 degrees Rankine. Consequently, the freezing and boiling points of water are approximately 491.67 and 671.625 degrees Rankine, respectively.
 By definition, a temperature of n degrees Rankine is equal to 5/9*n kelvin.
 Fahrenheit
 In this system, named after Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit (1686-1736), absolute zero is defined as -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit, and the temperature of the triple point of water is defined as 32.018 degrees Fahrenheit. Consequently, the freezing and boiling points of water are approximately 32 and 211.955 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively.
 By definition, a temperature of n degrees Fahrenheit is equal to n + 459.67 degrees Rankine.
 Before Fahrenheit, a proposed temperature scale by Ole Christensen Roemer defined 0 to be the freezing temperature of a saturated brine solution, and 50 to be the boiling point of water. Fahrenheit modified the limits so that the difference between the freezing and boiling points of water was exactly 180 degrees. He then used the freezing and boiling points of water to define 32 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
 The temperatures of the freezing and boiling points of water are defined as exactly 0 and 100 degrees centigrade, respectively. Consequently, absolute zero is approximately -273.218 degrees centigrade and the temperature of the triple point of water is approximately 0.01 degrees centigrade.
 Before the Celsius scale was redefined in 1954, it was identical to the centigrade scale.
 Reaumur
 In this system, named after Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur (1683-1757), the temperatures of the freezing and boiling points of water are defined as 0 and 80 degrees Reaumur, respectively. Consequently, absolute zero is approximately -218.575 degrees Reaumur and the temperature of the triple point of water is approximately 0.008 degrees Reaumur.
 By definition, a temperature of n degrees Reaumur is equal to 5/4*n degrees centigrade.
 Barry N. Taylor. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition.
 IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System.

Examples

 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(0,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Celsius},\mathrm{kelvin}\right)$
 $\frac{{5463}}{{20}}$ (1)
 > $\mathrm{evalf}\left(\right)$
 ${273.1500000}$ (2)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(32,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Fahrenheit},\mathrm{Celsius}\right)$
 ${0}$ (3)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(100,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Celsius},\mathrm{Fahrenheit}\right)$
 ${212}$ (4)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(100,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{centigrade},\mathrm{Celsius}\right)$
 ${99.9750000}$ (5)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(100,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{centigrade},\mathrm{Fahrenheit}\right)$
 ${211.9550000}$ (6)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(0,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Fahrenheit},\mathrm{Rankine}\right)$
 $\frac{{45967}}{{100}}$ (7)
 > $\mathrm{evalf}\left(\right)$
 ${459.6700000}$ (8)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(37,\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Celsius},\mathrm{Fahrenheit}\right)$
 $\frac{{493}}{{5}}$ (9)
 > $\mathrm{evalf}\left(\right)$
 ${98.60000000}$ (10)
 > $\mathrm{with}\left(\mathrm{Units}\left[\mathrm{Standard}\right]\right):$

Notes:

 – To enter a unit in 2-D Math input, select the unit from the appropriate Units palette. If the unit you want is not there, select $\mathrm{unit}$ and then enter the unit.
 – When you edit a unit, double brackets appear around it.
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(100\left(\mathrm{Unit}\left(\mathrm{Celsius},\mathrm{preserve}\right)\right),\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Reaumur}\right)$
 ${80.0200050}{}⟦{\mathrm{°Re}}⟧$ (11)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(100\left(\mathrm{Unit}\left(\mathrm{kelvin},\mathrm{preserve}\right)\right),\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Fahrenheit}\right)$
 ${-}\frac{{27967}}{{100}}{}⟦{\mathrm{°F}}⟧$ (12)
 > $\mathrm{convert}\left(100.0\left(\mathrm{Unit}\left(\mathrm{kelvin},\mathrm{preserve}\right)\right),\mathrm{temperature},\mathrm{Fahrenheit}\right)$
 ${-}{279.6700000}{}⟦{\mathrm{°F}}⟧$ (13)