Non-Circular Pipe

Lossy model of a non-circular pipe

 Description The Non-Circular Pipe component models a pipe with losses. The pressure drop is computed with the Darcy equation, with the friction factor determined using the Haaland approximation for turbulent flow. When the Reynolds number is greater than the maximum value for laminar flow but less than the minimum value for turbulent flow, the friction factor is determined using linear interpolation.
 Equations $\mathrm{\Re }=\frac{q{\mathrm{D}}_{h}}{a\mathrm{\nu }}$ ${f}_{L}=\frac{{K}_{s}}{\mathrm{\Re }}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{2.5ex}{0.0ex}}{f}_{T}={f}_{\mathrm{Colebrook}}\left({\mathrm{\Re }}_{T},\frac{\mathrm{\epsilon }}{{\mathrm{D}}_{h}}\right)$ $\mathrm{mode}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{pos}}_{\mathrm{turbulent}}& {\mathrm{\Re }}_{T}<\mathrm{\Re }\\ {\mathrm{neg}}_{\mathrm{turbulent}}& {\mathrm{\Re }}_{T}<-\mathrm{\Re }\\ {\mathrm{pos}}_{\mathrm{mixed}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{2.0ex}{0.0ex}}& {\mathrm{\Re }}_{L}<\mathrm{\Re }\\ {\mathrm{neg}}_{\mathrm{mixed}}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{2.0ex}{0.0ex}}& {\mathrm{\Re }}_{L}<-\mathrm{\Re }\\ \mathrm{laminar}\phantom{\rule[-0.0ex]{3.5ex}{0.0ex}}& \mathrm{otherwise}\end{array}$ $p={p}_{A}-{p}_{B}=\frac{1}{2}L\mathrm{\rho }\frac{{\mathrm{\nu }}^{2}}{{\mathrm{D}}_{h}^{3}}\mathrm{\Re }\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{f}_{\mathrm{Colebrook}}\left(\left|\mathrm{\Re }\right|,\frac{\mathrm{\epsilon }}{{\mathrm{D}}_{h}}\right)\left|\mathrm{\Re }\right|& \mathrm{mode}={\mathrm{pos}}_{\mathrm{turbulent}}\vee \mathrm{mode}={\mathrm{neg}}_{\mathrm{turbulent}}\\ \left({f}_{L}+\frac{{f}_{T}-{f}_{L}}{{\mathrm{\Re }}_{T}-{\mathrm{\Re }}_{L}}\left(\left|\mathrm{\Re }\right|-{\mathrm{\Re }}_{L}\right)\right)\left|\mathrm{\Re }\right|& \mathrm{mode}={\mathrm{pos}}_{\mathrm{mixed}}\vee \mathrm{mode}={\mathrm{neg}}_{\mathrm{mixed}}\\ {K}_{s}& \mathrm{otherwise}\end{array}$ $q={q}_{A}=-{q}_{B}=\mathrm{\Re }A\frac{\mathrm{\nu }}{{\mathrm{D}}_{h}}$ ${f}_{\mathrm{Colebrook}}=\left(\mathrm{\Re },{\mathrm{\epsilon }}_{\mathrm{D}}\right)\to {\left(1.8{\mathrm{log}}_{10}{\left(\frac{6.9}{\mathrm{\Re }}+\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\epsilon }}_{\mathrm{D}}}{3.7}\right)\right)}^{1.11}\right)}^{-2}$

Variables

 Name Units Description Modelica ID ${f}_{L}$ $1$ Friction factor with laminar flow fL ${f}_{T}$ $1$ Friction factor with turbulent flow fT $\mathrm{mode}$ Integer indicating type of flow mode $p$ $\mathrm{Pa}$ Pressure across component p $q$ $\frac{{m}^{3}}{s}$ Flow rate through component q $\mathrm{\Re }$ $1$ Reynolds number Re

Connections

 Name Description Modelica ID $\mathrm{portA}$ Upstream hydraulic port portA $\mathrm{portB}$ Downstream hydraulic port portB

Parameters

 Name Default Units Description Modelica ID $A$ ${\mathrm{Dh}}^{2}$ ${m}^{2}$ Cross-sectional area A ${\mathrm{D}}_{h}$ $0.01$ $m$ Hydraulic diameter Dh ${K}_{s}$ $56$ $1$ Shape-factor for cross section Ks $L$ $5$ $m$ Length of pipe L $\mathrm{\epsilon }$ $1.5·{10}^{-5}$ $m$ Height of inner surface roughness epsilon ${\mathrm{\Re }}_{L}$ $2·{10}^{3}$ $1$ Reynolds number at transition to laminar flow ReL ${\mathrm{\Re }}_{T}$ $4·{10}^{3}$ $1$ Reynolds number at transition to turbulent flow ReT