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An model has two parameters: and .
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An model additionally has and one initial value for for every time period within one season. However, the initial values for are constrained: their sum needs to be for additive seasonality, or equal to the period for multiplicative seasonality. This reduces the number of free parameters by one.
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The period is not yet set, so the number of parameters is not determined. Once we do set it, we get a well-defined answer.
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