Chapter 9: Vector Calculus
Section 9.10: Green's Theorem
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Example 9.10.8
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Use Green's theorem to evaluate the line integral of on , the cardioid .
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Solution
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Mathematical Solution
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Figure 9.10.8(a) provides a graph of the cardioid.
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The vector field F is given in Cartesian coordinates, but the path for the line integral of F is described in polar coordinates.
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By the Stokes-form of Green's theorem, the line integral of the tangential component of around , the boundary of a region , is equal to the integral over of , the third component of the curl of F, provided F is assumed to have a zero third-component.
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Figure 9.10.8(a) Graph of the cardioid
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For the given vector field F, the expression is just , which becomes in polar coordinates. The integral of this expression over , the interior of the cardioid, is then
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The purist who wants to implement the line integral of F around the cardioid does well to evaluate in polar coordinates.
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To this end, define , and . The line integral is then
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The cumbersome integrand of this line integral can be seen in either of the Maple solutions below.
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Maple Solution - Interactive
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To obtain the integral on the left-hand side of the Stokes-form of Green's theorem, start with expressed in polar coordinates, then continue as in Table 9.10.8(a)
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Context Panel: Assign to a Name
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Invoke the following task template
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Tools≻Tasks≻Browse:
Calculus - Multivariate≻Integration≻Visualizing Regions of Integration≻Polar
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Evaluate and Graph
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Area Element
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Value of Integral
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Form and evaluate the integral from first principles
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Calculus palette: Iterated double-integral template
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Context Panel: 2-D Math≻Convert To≻Inert Form
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Context Panel: Evaluate Integral
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Table 9.10.8(a) Left-hand side of Stokes-form of Green's theorem implemented in polar coordinates
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Table 9.10.8(b) implements the line integral of F around the cardioid.
Initialize
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Tools≻Load Package: Student Vector Calculus
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Loading Student:-VectorCalculus
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Tools≻Tasks≻Browse: Calculus - Vector≻
Vector Algebra and Settings≻
Display Format for Vectors
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Press the Access Settings button and select
"Display as Column Vector"
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Display Format for Vectors
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Define the Cartesian vector field F
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Write the vector field as a free vector.
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
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Context Panel: Student Vector Calculus≻Conversions≻To Vector Field
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Context Panel: Assign to a Name≻F
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Obtain the line integral of F around the cardioid
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Write the name F.
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
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Context Panel: Student Vector Calculus≻Line Integral
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Complete dialog as per figure to the right.
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Context Panel: Evaluate Integral
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Table 9.10.8(b) Line integral of F around cardioid
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Maple Solution - Coded
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Start with expressed in polar coordinates, then continue with the calculations in Table 9.10.8(c).
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Define the polar form of .
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Use the top-level Int and int commands to integrate in polar coordinates
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Table 9.10.8(c) Left-hand side of Stokes-form of Green's theorem implemented in polar coordinates
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Table 9.10.8(d) implements the line integral of F around the cardioid.
Initialize
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Install the Student VectorCalculus package.
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Use the LineInt command to form and evaluate
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Table 9.10.8(d) Line integral of F around the cardioid
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