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Example 1.
We test if certain subalgebras of are Cartan subalgebras. First define the standard matrix representation for as the space of trace-free matrices.
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Calculate the structure equations for these matrices and initialize the resulting Lie algebra.
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Let's check that is semi-simple.
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Test to see if a list of vectors defines a Cartan subalgebra.
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Since has 2 elements, this implies that the rank of is 2. We can use this information to simplify checking that other subalgebras are Cartan subalgebras
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Here is a 2-dimensional Abelian subalgebra which is not self-normalizing and therefore not a Cartan subalgebra.
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Example 2.
The notion of a Cartan subalgebra is not restricted to semi-simple Lie algebras. We define a solvable Lie algebra and test to see if some subalgebras are Cartan subalgebras.
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Any subalgebra which is an ideal cannot be a Cartan subalgebra.
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